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CAMEROON-POLITICS-VOTE-INTERNET
In Cameroon, social media plays key role in vote campaign
YAOUND, Sept 21, 2018 (BSS/AFP) – Footage of abuses published on
Facebook, politicians tweeting their every move: for the first time, the West
African state of Cameroon is heading into a presidential election in which
social media is taking a central role.
Nine candidates are contesting the October 7 poll, including President Paul
Biya, who has ruled the country for 35 years and is hoping to be re-elected
for a sixth time.
But this time, the 85-year-old broke with media tradition by announcing his
candidacy on Twitter.
During the last election in 2011, only a handful of candidates were using
social media. Today, almost all of them have a dedicated team to ensure they
are very much present online.
One of Biya’s main challengers is Joshua Osih — head of the opposition
Social Democratic Front (SDF) — who has taken to engaging with voters
online.
When he came under fire for “unpresidential behaviour” after posting a
picture of himself at the airport in Paris, he hit back immediately on
Twitter, saying that was exactly the point.
“I want to break with protocol and everything to do with the myth around
the presidency,” he wrote.
“I want to be close to the people I rule and not shut up in a palace.”
– ‘Much greater reach’ –
For candidates, going online offers far greater exposure than traditional
forms of campaigning, explains Julie Owono, executive director of Internet
Without Borders, an NGO.
“There is much greater potential in terms of reach than when their words
are communicated through the written press or the radio,” she said.
For Owono, this increased presence online is the result of a significantly
higher rate of internet connectivity in Cameroon.
Figures released earlier this month by the ministry of postal and telecomms
services show connectivity jumped from a mere 0.24 percent of the population
in 2011 to 35 percent last year.
“There has been a fall in the cost of internet access and network quality
has also improved,” she said.
– ‘Disinformation’ –
Although the official launch of the election campaign is only due to start
on Saturday, social media is already highlighting prominent topics,
especially the security crisis in Cameroon’s English-speaking regions.
Blighted by armed conflict, the two regions have remained largely
inaccessible to the media and NGOs but those involved in the fighting have
used social media to expose purported human rights violations by the other
side.
Since the conflict began at the end of 2017, footage of alleged abuses
involving both anglophone separatists and Cameroonian soldiers have been
doing the rounds almost every day on social media.
A military policeman with his head cut off, villages burnt by the army, and
even scenes of torture: all these excesses caught on camera are used by both
sides to try and discredit the enemy.
Faced with the surge of horrific footage spreading online, the government
has called for calm, denouncing the “inappropriate use of the internet”.
Both the increase in hate speech and the proliferation of “fake news” are
proving to be “a threat to our right to reliable information, above all in an
election period,” said Communications Minister Tchiroma Bakary.
In July, the minister dismissed out of hand a video purportedly showing
abuses by Cameroonian soldiers in the country’s Far North Region, where
troops are deployed to root out Boko Haram jihadists from neighbouring
Nigeria.
Several weeks later, an investigation was opened and several soldiers were
arrested.
“The main challenge regarding the use of social networks is
disinformation,” said Janvier Ngnoulaye, who heads an NGO called Internet
Society Cameroon.
– Internet shutdown? –
With less than three weeks until the vote, Biya’s supporters — who see him
as best placed to handle the separatist crisis and the threat posed by Boko
Haram — maintain that footage of alleged abuses by the army was put online
in order to sabotage his re-election bid.
“It’s all about harming Biya’s image,” a security source told AFP.
In fact, the campaign has sparked an online war of images: when one side
posts pictures of roads in disrepair, the other responds with photos of huge
construction projects, such as the motorway between Yaounde and Douala.
Earlier this month, a misleading rumour began circulating on social
networks suggesting that Yaounde was going to shut down internet access
during the vote, as happened in Mali in August.
“Fake news,” responded the communications minister.
But such fears are not entirely unfounded.
In early 2017, as the separatist protests multiplied in Cameroon’s English-
speaking regions, Yaounde sought to stamp out the unrest by cutting off
internet access in the two areas for over three months.
BSS/AFP/MRI/1005 HRS