TOKYO, Dec 6, 2020 (BSS/AFP) – In a streak of light across the night sky,
samples collected from a distant asteroid arrived on Earth on Sunday after
being dropped off by Japanese space probe Hayabusa-2.
Scientists hope the precious samples, which are expected to amount to no
more than 0.1 grams of material, could help shed light on the origin of life
and the formation of the universe.
The capsule carrying samples entered the atmosphere just before 2:30 am
Japan time (1730 GMT Saturday), creating a shooting-star-like fireball as it
entered Earth’s atmosphere.
“Six years and it has finally come back to Earth,” an official narrating a
live broadcast of the arrival said, as images showed officials from Japan’s
space agency JAXA cheering and pumping their fists in excitement.
A few hours later, JAXA confirmed the samples had been recovered, with
help from beacons emitted by the capsule as it plummeted to Earth after
separating from Hayabusa-2 on Saturday, while the fridge-sized probe was some
220,000 kilometres (137,000 miles) away.
“We found the capsule! Together with the parachute! Wow!,” the mission’s
Twitter account tweeted.
The capsule was recovered in the southern Australian desert, and will now
be processed before being sent to Japan.
The samples were collected by Hayabusa-2, which launched in 2014, from the
asteroid Ryugu, some 300 million kilometres from Earth.
The probe collected both surface dust and pristine material from below the
surface that was stirred up by firing an “impactor” into the asteroid.
The material collected from the asteroid is believed to be unchanged since
the time the universe was formed.
Larger celestial bodies like Earth went through radical changes including
heating and solidifying, changing the composition of the materials on their
surface and below.
But “when it comes to smaller planets or smaller asteroids, these
substances were not melted, and therefore it is believed that substances from
4.6 billion years ago are still there,” Hayabusa-2 mission manager Makoto
Yoshikawa told reporters before the capsule arrived.
– Samples with organic material? –
Scientists are especially keen to discover whether the samples contain
organic matter, which could have helped seed life on Earth.
“We still don’t know the origin of life on Earth and through this
Hayabusa-2 mission, if we are able to study and understand these organic
materials from Ryugu, it could be that these organic materials were the
source of life on Earth,” Yoshikawa said.
Half the Hayabusa-2’s samples will be shared between JAXA, US space agency
NASA and other international organisations, and the rest kept for future
study as advances are made in analytic technology.
– More tasks for Hayabusa-2 –
The work isn’t over for Hayabusa-2, which will now begin an extended
mission targeting two new asteroids.
It will complete a series of orbits around the sun for around six years
before approaching the first of its target asteroids — named 2001 CC21 — in
July 2026.
The probe won’t get that close, but scientists hope it will be able to
photograph it and that the fly-by will help develop knowledge about how to
protect Earth against asteroid impact.
Hayabusa-2 will then head towards its main target, 1998 KY26, a ball-
shaped asteroid with a diameter of just 30 metres. When the probe arrives at
the asteroid in July 2031, it will be approximately 300 million kilometres
from Earth.
It will observe and photograph the asteroid, no easy task given that it is
spinning rapidly, rotating on its axis about every 10 minutes.
But Hayabusa-2 is unlikely to land and collect samples, as it probably
won’t have enough fuel to return them to Earth.