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Chasing dinosaurs in Myanmar’s conflict-ridden north
MYITKYINA, Myanmar, July 1, 2018 (BSS/AFP) – “Amber hunters” on a quest for
a Jurassic Park-style discovery of dinosaur remains sift through mounds of
the precious resin in Myanmar — a lucrative trade that captivates
palaeontologists but also fuels a decades-long conflict in the far north.
The morning amber market on the outskirts of Myitkyina, the capital of
Kachin state, throngs with traders using torches and magnifying glasses to
scrutinise pieces of the honey-coloured fossilised tree sap.
Some sell rough-edged uncut chunks. Others tout finished products:
pendants, necklaces and bracelets made from carefully polished pieces.
The trading takes place just a few dozen kilometres from the fighting
between Myanmar’s army and ethnic Kachin rebels battling for autonomy, land,
identity — and natural resources that help finance both sides.
The jade and ruby industries dwarf the largely artisanal amber trade, but
the resin can still fetch big sums for whoever controls the mines.
In Myitkyina’s market there is money to be made, says trader Myo Swe.
His speciality is “inclusions”, sap that has trapped parts of plants,
animals and even dinosaurs before hardening into amber — history suspended
inside the resin.
Find the right buyer and he could pocket up to $100,000 a piece in a shady
industry that sees most amber smuggled across the border to China.
“Even if it just contains an ant or a mosquito — every piece is
interesting,” the 40-year-old told AFP. “I value every one of them.”
– Dinosaur tales –
Amber, historically coveted as jewellery by nobility from China to ancient
Greece, enjoyed a revival in popular culture thanks to the 1990s hit movie
“Jurassic Park”, set in a theme park where dinosaurs have been cloned by
extracting DNA from mosquitos preserved in the resin.
However, most amber heralds not from the Jurassic but from the later
Cretaceous Period, up to 100 million years ago.
The best preserved “inclusions” offer today’s scientists and collectors a
three-dimensional fossil, with some creatures even frozen mid-movement.
There are amber deposits found all over the world but, for palaeontology,
the mines of Kachin are “irreplaceable”, explains 36-year-old Lida Xing from
the China University of Geosciences in Beijing.
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“The amber mining area in Kachin is the only Cretaceous period amber mining
site in the world that is still engaged in commercial mining,” he says.
“There’s no better place than Myanmar.”
Lida Xing shot to fame among fellow palaeontologists in 2015 when he
brought back part of a feathered dinosaur tail to China from Myanmar that
dated back some 99 million years.
The excitement of his discovery, though, was tinged with disappointment
when he returned to try to find the source.
“They said they did not know. They had probably already sold or smashed it.
This dinosaur might have even been a complete one with a head,” he told AFP
in Beijing.
– ‘Conflict amber’ –
Amateur amber hunters aside, the main challenge for traders and collectors
is working in a conflict zone.
An upsurge in fighting between the army and the Kachin Independence Army
(KIA) over recent years has left more than 100,000 people displaced in the
region.
Leaflets dropped by army helicopters in June last year even warned people
living around the mines to leave the area or be considered to be cooperating
with the rebels, according to Human Rights Watch.
Now only the hardiest of amber hunters attempt to go there.
“We almost could not reach the mining area because it was very dangerous,”
Lida Xing says of his 2015 trip. “We sneaked in when the situation eased
quite a lot, but no scientist was able to go inside after that.”
“This is a severe problem because, for palaeontology, you obtain a lot of
useful information from the geological conditions and strata — but we were
not able to do this.”
Amber, jade, timber and gold are also “major drivers” of the conflict in
northern Myanmar, says Hanna Hindstrom from monitoring group Global Witness.
Without sourcing responsibly, any company trading Myanmar amber “could be
causing or contributing to a range of harms including conflict and human
rights abuses”, she adds.
Akbar Khan, a 52-year-old self-described “extreme fossil in amber hunter”
who runs a streetside stall in downtown Bangkok shrugs off the risks and
ethical questions.
He makes frequent visits to Kachin and explains the adrenaline rush he gets
from finding dinosaur parts is like nothing else.
“You feel like you’re walking in clouds, in heaven,” he says.
“If people have a big diamond, so what? The world is full of big
diamonds… but the world is not full of dinosaurs in amber.”
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