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Public housing in Equatorial Guinea a mirage for the poorest
MALABO, Equatorial Guinea, May 23, 2019 (BSS/AFP) – In a country awash
with oil, the poorest survive in shantytowns a stone’s throw from smart
modern apartments and family homes supposedly built to help those most in
need.
The government of Equatorial Guinea had billed the rows of state-
subsidised housing as never-to-be-missed home-owning opportunities for the
poor.
But people familiar with the blocks say the homes are typically occupied
by middle-class families and some of the country’s most privileged.
“Just look at the cars around here,” said Leandro Eneme, a 42-year-old
trader, pointing to the gleaming SUVs making their way between apartments on
well-paved roads. “There’s nothing poor about this place!”
He lives in the Buena Esperanza neighbourhood of the capital Malabo, the
product of a state housing programme that emerged after an oil price boom in
the 2000s.
Equatorial Guinea’s president, Teodoro Obiang Nguema, in power since 1979
and Africa’s longest serving head of state, had promised that developments
like this would provide “public housing for everybody”.
In the past decade, authorities have built more than 8,600 state-
subsidised homes in the African mainland section of the country and the
island of Bioko, according to government figures.
But with a population of 1.2 million, largely impoverished and cut off
from the lavish lifestyles of an elite surrounding the president, critics say
the scale of the programme is way too small to be effective and vulnerable to
corruption.
“You can’t get one of these homes if you earn less than 300,000 CFA francs
($500/450 euros) a month,” said Eneme.
Many statistics on Equatorial Guinea are unavailable but it is estimated
that more than two-thirds of the population of this tiny central African
state survive on less than $2 (1.8 euros) a day.
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– ‘No money to eat’ –
Buena Esperanza was supposedly built to rehouse residents of the nearby
shantytown of Nubili, the biggest informal settlement in Malabo.
The name of the new project means “Good Hope” in Spanish — an emotion
that many of those living in Nubili may have felt when the scheme was
announced.
Thousands of people in Nubili are crammed into tiny shacks erected from
rusting corrugated steel or wood, often without safe water, sewage or
electricity. Accidental fires are a notorious risk.
But almost a decade since it began, the vast majority of people in Nubili
remain stuck.
Elena Oye, a food seller, said that the cost of her dream home turned out
to be a nightmare.
“We lost the apartment because we didn’t have enough money. We didn’t even
have enough to eat,” she said.
The down payment was the equivalent of $2,500, followed by monthly
payments of $120 spread out over a number of years, she said.
Oye said she earns the equivalent of around $200 in a good month, and
meeting the needs of her four children is a daily struggle.
“Most housing (in Equatorial Guinea) does not meet minimum standards,”
said the Centre for Affordable Housing Finance in Africa (CAHF) in a report.
“Houses are derelict and unsafe, sewage and refuse removal are inadequate,
and there is, among other problems, overcrowding and insufficient
ventilation.”
A senator, a resident of Buena Esperanza who wished to remain nameless,
defended the government’s record.
“Many people who once lived in shanties now have decent homes, like here,”
he said.
Information Minister Eugenio Nze Obiang told AFP that the government had
taken action.
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“When will people stop complaining? There isn’t a country in the world
where the government provides free housing,” Obiang said.
“The government has done the best it can by building these homes and
cutting prices.”
– ‘Same people profit’ –
The government’s room for manoeuvre has been crimped by the slump in oil
prices which began in 2014, badly hitting revenue.
Major construction projects have been cut back and many public housing
projects suspended, making homes harder to obtain.
The economic crisis also meant that some people who moved into public
housing found themselves on harder times, unable to afford the monthly
payments.
In February, the government sought to ease the situation by revising terms
of access to the properties and extending credit, thus lowering monthly
payments.
“This is really good news for my family,” said Marisol Andeme Esono, a
nurse with an upstairs flat in Malabo II, another district of the capital.
Esono said she had been paying the equivalent 300 euros a month, which was
roughly equal to her salary, but the rate had been reduced to just over 100
euros.
Rates have also been reduced in Buena Esperanza, although some still
complain that the prices are out of reach for many and that the market has
been skewed by profiteers.
“Today rich people are buying these lodgings to rent them out,” said
Engono Mbo, 40, who gave up his bid for a new home. “It’s always the same
people who profit.”
“Social housing is for the middle and upper classes,” said student
Estanislao Obiang.
BSS/AFP/HR/1020