VIENNA, April 9, 2019 (BSS/AFP) – Unchecked greenhouse gas emissions could
see more than 90 percent of glaciers in the Alps disappear by the end of the
century, scientists said Tuesday in new research.
There are more than 4,000 glaciers — vast, ancient reserves of ice —
dotted throughout the Alps, providing seasonal water to millions and forming
some of Europe’s most stunning landscapes.
But as humans pump out more and more planet-warming gases through burning
fossil fuels, construction, aviation and mega-farming, those mountainside ice
sheets are in danger.
A team of researchers in Switzerland used cutting-edge climate models and
paired them with the most sophisticated measurements of glaciers to date to
compare how they fared under various emissions scenarios.
Under a situation where greenhouse gas emissions peak within a few years
and rapidly recede towards the century’s end — a scenario known among
climatologists as RCP 2.6 — they found that a third of Alpine glacier mass
would survive. However, under RCP 8.5 — essentially a business-as-usual
approach where man-made emissions continue to rise as the global population
swells — the models turned up worrying results.
“In this pessimistic case, the Alps will be mostly ice free by 2100, with
only isolated ice patches remaining at high elevation, representing 5 percent
or less of the present-day ice volume,” said Matthias Huss, a researcher at
ETH Zurich and study co-author.
Earth’s atmosphere currently contains more than 400 parts per million of
carbon dioxide — the highest level in three million years.
Perhaps most troublingly, the team found that due to historic emissions
and current CO2 levels, the Alps will lose half of its glaciers no matter
what is done about emissions.
The study came a day after European scientists said that the world’s
glaciers had lost around 9000 billion tonnes of ice since 1961, contributing
to a 27-millimetre rise in global sea levels.
– 400 million swimming pools –
Europe’s glaciers contain around 100 cubic kilometres of ice — equivalent
to around 400 million Olympic swimming pools of water.
Harry Zekollari, from Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands,
led the Alpine glacier study. He said people did not appreciate how crucial
the giant ice structures were.
“A glacier is a reservoir. Even a healthy glacier will typically melt in
summer and become a bit bigger in winter. That means that when people need
water most, they get water from the glacier,” Zekollari told AFP.
“If the glacier disappears you don’t have this reservoir. In the Alps
maybe this is OK but if you consider the Andes and the Himalayas, there are
billions of people living there who really need the water from the glaciers.”
Aside from the economic boost glaciers currently provide through tourism,
they also play a role in helping produce hydroelectric power in several
Alpine nations.
They also protect people living in the valleys beneath them.
“We know that if glaciers are changing a lot they are more prone to cause
natural hazards,” said Zekollari.
He said people could expect more frequent flash floods and landslides as
the glaciers continue to melt.