NAIROBI, March 13, 2019 (BSS/AFP) – A quarter of all premature deaths
and diseases worldwide are due to manmade pollution and environmental damage,
the United Nations said Wednesday in a landmark report on the planet’s
parlous state.
Deadly smog-inducing emissions, chemicals polluting drinking water, and
the accelerating destruction of ecosystems crucial to the livelihoods of
billions of people are driving a worldwide epidemic that hampers the global
economy, it warned.
The Global Environment Outlook (GEO) — a report six years in the making
compiled by 250 scientists from 70 nations — depicts a growing chasm between
rich and poor countries as rampant overconsumption, pollution and food waste
in the developed world leads to hunger, poverty and disease elsewhere.
As greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise amid a preponderance of
droughts, floods and superstorms made worse by climbing sea levels, there is
a growing political consensus that climate change poses a future risk to
billions.
World leaders in 2015 came up with the Paris climate deal, which saw
each nation promise action to cut emissions in a bid to limit global
temperature rises to 1.5C (2.7 Fahrenheit).
But the health impacts of pollution, deforestation and the mechanised
food-chain are less well understood.
Nor is there any international agreement for the environment close to
covering what the Paris accord does for climate.
The GEO compiles a litany of pollution-related health emergencies.
It said that poor environmental conditions “cause approximately 25
percent of global disease and mortality” — around 9 million deaths in 2015
alone.
Lacking access to clean drinking supplies, 1.4 million people die each
year from preventable diseases such as diarrhoea and parasites linked to
pathogen-riddled water and poor sanitation.
Chemicals pumped into the seas cause “potentially multi-generational”
adverse health effects, and land degradation through mega-farming and
deforestation occurs in areas of Earth home to 3.2 billion people.
The report says air pollution causes 6-7 million early deaths annually.
And the way Earth is set, unchecked use of antibiotics in food
production will see drug-resistant superbugs become the world’s number one
cause of premature death by mid-century.
“Urgent action at an unprecedented scale is necessary to arrest and
reverse this situation,” said a note to policymakers accompanying the report.
– ‘Massive human damage’ –
Without a fundamental retooling of the global economy to more
sustainable production lines, the report’s authors warn that the very concept
of GDP growth could become meaningless against the cost of lost lives, work
hours and concomitant treatment expenses.
“If you have a healthy planet it supports not only global GDP but it
also supports the lives of the very poorest because they depend on clean air
and clean water,” Joyeeta Gupta, GEO co-chair, told AFP. f
“If you turn that around, an unhealthy system has massive damage on
human lives.”
The report called for a root-and-branch detoxifying of human behaviour,
while insisting that the situation is not unassailable.
For instance food waste, which accounts for 9 percent of global
greenhouse gas emissions, could be slashed. The world currently throws away a
third of all food produced. That figure is fuelled by 56 percent of food in
richer nations going to waste.
“Everyone is saying that by 2050 we have to feed 10 billion people, but
that doesn’t mean we have to double production,” said Gupta.
“If we reduce our waste and perhaps have less meat you could immediately
reduce that problem.”
At the same time, she acknowledged, “that would require changes in the
way we live.”
The report also called for a rapid drawdown in greenhouse gas emissions
and pesticide use to improve air and water quality.
– US threat –
The GEO draws on hundreds of data sources to calculate the environmental
impact on over a 100 diseases.
Its unveiling at the UN Environment Assembly in Nairobi is likely to add
to the debate over who bears the greatest responsibility for the damage
already borne by Earth.
Sources close to the negotiations told AFP some developed nations, led
by the United States, had threatened not to “welcome” the GEO report, a
procedural but nonetheless significant hurdle if nations are to agree on the
necessary cuts in waste, overconsumption and pollution.
Gupta said that nations, however big or small, would all have to adapt
to the environmental reality facing every human on the planet.
“If you look at land, it’s fixed,” she said. “If the population is going
to go up we have to redistribute, one way or the other.
“If you look at freshwater, it’s more or less fixed. You have to end up
sharing. This is a discourse that many developed countries don’t like.”