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Thai rubber farms stretched as US-China trade war saps demand
BANGKOK, Nov 25, 2018 (BSS/AFP) – They work in the pre-dawn gloom tapping
trees for the “white gold” that has made their country the world’s top rubber
producer — but as prices plunge due to the US-China trade war, Thai farmers
are giving up the sap.
Thai latex makes everything from tyres and condoms to baby pacifiers and
surgical gloves, the fruit of the rubber trees cultivated across endless
acres of the country.
But the rubber trade is at a crossroads as a bitter dispute between the
world’s two biggest economies ricochets across Southeast Asia with unexpected
consequences.
Countries like Vietnam are benefiting as manufacturers migrate from China
to avoid punishing tariffs on exports to the US.
But in Thailand, the price of rubber has slumped twenty percent since June,
as those same tariffs bite hard on demand from factories in China — the
market for more than half its latex exports.
Some of Thailand’s rubber workers are being forced to abandon their
plantation jobs for factory work.
“I couldn’t feed my children anymore,” said Annita, who used to work 10
hours a day harvesting latex in Chiang Rai, northern Thailand, making just $7
a day, less than the minimum wage and half the going rate several years ago.
So she has taken a job at a packing plant earning around $9 daily.
“Nobody wanted to stay. The plantation owner can’t find workers anymore —
the work is too difficult for the wages,” she told AFP.
While the plight of US soybean farmers hit by the tariffs has grabbed the
headlines — they face a 25 percent levy to access China, the world’s biggest
soybean market — other troubles are quietly brewing across the world.
The bottom has fallen out of the once-booming industry as Thai rubber
prices plummet to about $1.21 a kilogram — they were five times that in
2011.
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– Too much rubber –
Around one third of all the rubber in the world comes from Thailand’s
forests, where latex is harvested at night or before dawn by tappers who make
an incision and collect the sap as it bleeds out.
The country currently produces about 4.6 million tonnes of rubber a year
and the sudden drop in Chinese demand has compounded a longer term global
oversupply crisis to push prices off a cliff.
“A climate of uncertainty” pervades the industry after US tariffs hit
nearly half of all Chinese imports, according to Karako Kittipol, marketing
manager at Thai Hua Rubber.
“Chinese companies don’t want to have too much rubber in stock,” he told
AFP.
The value of the yuan against the US dollar has also dipped, making rubber
more expensive for Chinese manufacturers to buy.
Thailand is a bystander in the trade war between the world’s two largest
economies.
But the ruling junta is trying to address the supply-side issues and is
aiming to reduce the area under cultivation for rubber by more than 60,000
hectares per year over the next five years.
– ‘Not the right solution’ –
At the same time rubber remains an intensely political issue in Thailand.
Farmers and tappers — the majority of who come from the junta-aligned
south — are notoriously quick to protest when times get tough.
So the government last week stumped up an initial handout — capped at
roughly $700 per plantation — to ease their immediate pain.
But farmers remain unconvinced.
“(It is) not the right solution,” said Apichit Duangdee, who felled a third
of the trees on his small plantation earlier this year.
“Very few countries can produce natural rubber. It is a rare product and
the Thai government should promote it better,” he said.
If it fails to, the knock-on effects could be massive.
Tyre giant Michelin buys 40 percent of its natural rubber from Thailand,
keeping vehicles on the road all over the world.
“If prices continue to fall, many farmers and processors will lose interest
in latex and quality could fall,” Lionel Dantiacq, Michelin’s president for
Asia and Oceania, told AFP.
“If prices go too high, the tyre industry will suffer… with repercussions
for the consumer.”
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