ZCZC
BFF-09
WWI-HISTORY-CENTENARY-DIPLOMACY
World leaders mark 100 years since WWI Armistice in Paris
PARIS, Nov 11, 2018 (BSS/AFP) – World leaders gathered in Paris will lead
global commemorations on Sunday to mark 100 years since the end of World War
I at a time of growing nationalism and diplomatic tensions.
Around 70 leaders including US and Russian Presidents Donald Trump and
Vladimir Putin will mark the centenary of the 1918 Armistice in the French
capital.
Ceremonies in New Zealand and Australia marked the start of the November 11
memorial events across the world, and huge crowds paid tribute to the more
than 80,000 servicemen and women who gave their lives in the Great War.
“For our tomorrows, they gave their today,” Australian Prime Minister Scott
Morrison told people gathered at the Remembrance Day national ceremony in
Canberra.
The Paris commemorations, centred on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
beneath the Arc de Triomphe, are set to feature warnings about the modern-day
danger of nationalism.
“This day is not just about remembering, but should be about a call to
action,” German Chancellor Angela Merkel said Saturday after visiting the
forest clearing in eastern France where the Armistice was signed.
Merkel will give the opening address alongside UN Secretary General Antonio
Guterres at a conference called the Paris Peace Forum which will take place
after a memorial service on the Champs-Elysees on Sunday morning.
Conceived by French President Emmanuel Macron, the Forum is intended to
highlight the importance of international institutions in helping resolve
conflicts, avert wars and spread prosperity.
British Prime Minister Theresa May and Queen Elizabeth will attend a
separate event in London.
– Tensions lurk –
Despite the show of unity at the Arc de Triomphe, where school children
will read out messages written by soldiers in eight languages, tensions are
expected to lurk beneath the surface.
US President Donald Trump, whose hardline nationalism has badly shaken the
Western alliance, arrived in Paris on Friday criticising host Macron for
being “insulting.”
Trump took umbrage at a recent interview in which Macron talked about the
need for a European army and listed the US along with Russia and China as a
threat to national security.
The “America First” leader, who faced criticism on Saturday for cancelling
a trip to an American cemetery because of the rainy weather, will snub the
Paris Peace Forum.
Other attendees of the memorial service and Forum include Turkish President
Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Canadian premier Justin Trudeau and Israel’s Benyamin
Netanyahu, as well as Putin.
With far-right nationalist politicians coming to power from Brazil to Italy
to Austria, 40-year-old centrist Macron is set to invoke the war to make the
case for international cooperation.
“We want to make these commemorations a time to reflect on the present, not
just the past, so that they have a meaning for us today,” an aide to Macron
said earlier this week.
He will deliver a short speech during Sunday’s ceremony, which organisers
have made deliberately international and cross-cultural.
The French-born Chinese-American cellist Yo-yo Ma will perform, as will
West African singer Angelique Kidjo, and a European youth orchestra with a
Russian conductor.
Some 10,000 police have been drafted in to ensure maximum security in a
city repeatedly targeted by jihadists since 2015.
Macron is also set to speak later at UN cultural body UNESCO and at the
Peace Forum.
The Forum is part of the “fightback” against nationalism worldwide, chief
organiser Justin Vaisse told AFP as he played down the significance of
Trump’s decision not to attend.
“The aim of the forum is to show that there are lots of forces in the
international system — states, NGOs, foundations, intellectuals, companies –
– who believe we need a world of rules, an open world and a multilateral
world,” he said.
— Other ceremonies —
About 70 current-day nations were involved in the conflict that had six
empires and colonial powers at its heart: Austria-Hungary, Britain, France,
Germany, Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
Around 10 million soldiers are generally estimated to have been killed
during the fighting and more than double that number wounded overall.
Between five and 10 million civilians are estimated to have been killed.
In Britain, church bells are set to ring out across the country at 11 am,
at the same time as a national remembrance service at the Cenotaph in London.
BSS/AFP/GMR/1103 hrs